Ectopic pregnancy ek serious condition hoti hai jisme fertilized egg uterus ke andar lagne ke bajaye bahar attach ho jata hai, most commonly fallopian tube me.
Isse normal baby development possible nahi hota, aur agar time pe diagnose na ho to patient ke liye life-threatening bhi ban sakti hai.
📘 What is Ectopic Pregnancy?
Normally, jab sperm egg ko fertilize karta hai to wo uterus ke andar travel karke uterine wall me implant hota hai, jahan baby grow karta hai.
Lekin agar ye fertilized egg uterus tak nahi pahuchta aur tube me hi attach ho jata hai, to ise Ectopic Pregnancy kehte hain.
Is condition me pregnancy continue nahi ho sakti, aur agar timely treatment na mile to internal bleeding aur shock ho sakta hai.
📍 Common Sites of Ectopic Pregnancy
| Site | Description | Approx. Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Fallopian Tube | Most common site (ampulla part) | 95% |
| Ovary | Rare case, egg ovary par attach hota hai | 3% |
| Cervix | Egg cervix ke andar lagta hai | 1% |
| Abdominal Cavity | Extremely rare | <1% |
⚠️ Causes and Risk Factors
- Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
- Previous ectopic pregnancy
- Tubal surgery ya scarring
- Endometriosis
- Intrauterine Device (IUD) use
- Hormonal imbalance
- Smoking
- Delayed ovum transport
In sab situations me fallopian tube ka normal function disturb ho jata hai, jisse fertilized egg uterus tak nahi pahuch pata.
🧠 Pathophysiology (Simple Explanation)
- Ovum fertilize hota hai fallopian tube me.
- Ye uterus tak travel nahi kar pata.
- Tube ke andar hi implant ho jata hai.
- Embryo grow karne lagta hai aur tube stretch hoti hai.
- Tube rupture hone par severe internal bleeding ho jati hai.
💉 Signs and Symptoms
- Missed period (amenorrhea)
- Sudden sharp abdominal pain (usually ek side me)
- Vaginal bleeding (light ya dark color ka)
- Shoulder tip pain (internal bleeding ke karan)
- Dizziness, fainting, weakness
- Severe case me – low BP, fast pulse, cold skin (shock symptoms)
🧬 Diagnosis
- Urine Pregnancy Test: Positive aata hai
- Ultrasound: Uterus ke andar gestational sac nahi dikhta
- Serum β-hCG: Abnormal or slow rise hoti hai
- Culdocentesis: Peritoneal cavity me blood detect hota hai
🏥 Treatment and Management
1️⃣ Medical Treatment (Unruptured Case):
- Methotrexate injection diya jata hai jo embryo growth ko rok deta hai
- Regular β-hCG test se monitoring hoti hai
2️⃣ Surgical Treatment:
- Laparoscopic surgery se ectopic tissue remove kiya jata hai
- Salpingectomy agar tube rupture ho gayi ho
🩺 Nursing Management
- Vital signs monitor karna (BP, pulse, respiration)
- IV line maintain karna for fluid replacement
- Emergency surgical setup ready rakhna
- Patient ko emotional support dena (kyunki fertility loss ka fear hota hai)
- Future pregnancy ke liye counseling aur follow-up advice dena
🧘♀️ Prevention
- Pelvic infection ka early treatment
- Safe sexual practice
- Smoking avoid karna
- Regular gynecological check-up
💡 Quick Summary
| Point | Description |
|---|---|
| Meaning | Pregnancy outside uterus |
| Most Common Site | Fallopian Tube |
| Major Risk | Rupture & internal bleeding |
| Symptoms | Pain, bleeding, fainting |
| Treatment | Methotrexate / Surgery |
| Nursing Care | Monitor, support, educate |
